Practice Questions on the Urinary System -
Acid/Base, Electrolyte, and Water Balance
Page 3

  1. The function of the macula densa cells is to:
    1. Prevent water reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of henle
    2. Add bicarbonate ions to the filtrate
    3. Secrete renin
    4. Monitor filtrate [NaCl]
    5. Secrete glucose

  2. One function of ANP is to:
    1. Increase afferent arteriole pressure
    2. Increase renal blood flow
    3. Enhance the effects of ADH
    4. Inhibit the effects of aldosterone
    5. Increase blood volume

  3. If plasma [aldosterone] increases, Na+ excretion will ___________.
  4. If the diameter of the afferent arteriole < the diameter of the efferent arteriole than which of the following will result?
    1. Decreased NFP
    2. Decreased glomerular BP
    3. Increased GFR
    4. Increased [Na] in the filtrate reaching the DCT
    5. 2 of the above
    6. All of the above

  5. The most important function of the JG apparatus is to:
    1. Secrete water into the filtrate
    2. Reabsorb Na+
    3. Generate bicarbonate ions to compensate for renal acidosis
    4. Secrete renin
    5. Secrete aldosterone

  6. From the DCT, fluid will enter the ___________________.
  7. In a patient who is dehydrated from vomiting and diarrhea, which is likely to be found in higher amounts in the plasma?
    1. ADH
    2. Aldosterone
    3. ANP
    4. A and b
    5. A and c

  8. All of the following are normally found in the urine EXCEPT:
    1. Glucose
    2. Creatinine
    3. Na+
    4. Uric acid
    5. Urea

  9. Damage to which of the following could result in the most drastic proteinuria?
    1. PCT
    2. DCT
    3. Collecting Duct
    4. Peritubular capillaries
    5. Glomerular capillaries

  10. If lactic acid is injected iv, then plasma bicarbonate ion levels will immediately ______________.
  11. During a sympathetic response, renin secretion will ____________.
  12. What is the renal mechanism to correct for respiratory alkalosis?
  13. As a result of the compensation in the above question, what ion imbalance problem might develop? Why?
  14. Excessive amounts of glucose in the urine (greater than 1-3mg per 100mL of urine) may indicate what disorder?
    1. Diabetes insipidus
    2. Diabetes mellitus
    3. Bladder infection
    4. Urinary tract infection

  15. As renal afferent arteriole diameter increases, GFR...
  16. As renal efferent arteriole diameter increases, GFR...
  17. As plasma oncotic pressure increases, GFR...
  18. When compared to the water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the water permeability of the ascending limb is...
  19. As plasma osmotic pressure increases above normal, renal collecting duct water permeability...
  20. As plasma osmotic pressure decreases below normal, plasma ADH levels...
  21. Decreased GFR results in an increased renal blood flow to correct this problem. Diagram this mechanism!

    Click here for the answer.

    For the next 6 questions, list the specific transport mechanism responsible for the movement of the following substances.

  22. Movement of Na+ from the filtrate into the PCT cell
  23. Movement of Na+ from the PCT cell into the interstitial fluid
  24. Movement of Cl- from the filtrate into the PCT cell
  25. Movement of Cl- from the PCT cell into the interstitial fluid
  26. Movement of the amino acid glycine from the filtrate into the PCT cell
  27. Movement of glycine from the PCT cell into the interstitial fluid



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