Practice Questions on the Urinary System -
Acid/Base, Electrolyte, and Water Balance
Page 2

  1. The urinary bladder is lined by ________________ epithelium.
  2. Which of the following could cause excessive urine output?
    1. Hyperaldosteronism
    2. Hypersecretion of ADH
    3. Hyperventilation
    4. Severe hypoinsulinemia (as associated with Type I Diabetes Mellitus)

  3. The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ____________ buffer system.
    1. Phosphate
    2. Hemoglobin
    3. Bicarbonate
    4. Protein

  4. If MAP increased from 120mmHg to 154mmHg, GFR would most likely ______________.
  5. In an attempt to compensate for plasma acidosis:
    1. Breathing rate and depth will increase
    2. Breathing rate and depth will decrease
    3. Breathing rate will increase and depth will decrease
    4. Breathing rate and depth will not change since only the renal mechanism can deal with acidosis

  6. The pH of blood varies directly with:
    1. HCO3-
    2. H+
    3. Pco2

  7. What portion of the male urinary tract contains some stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium?
    1. Membranous urethra
    2. Prostatic urethra
    3. Spongy (penile) urethra
    4. All of the above
    5. None of the above

  8. The micturition center is located in the:
    1. Pons
    2. Medulla
    3. Cerebellum
    4. Basal Ganglia

  9. The vasa recta creates the osmotic gradient in the kidney's medulla.
    1. This statement is true
    2. This statement is false because the PCT creates the gradient
    3. This statement is false because the DCT creates the gradient
    4. This statement is false because the loop of Henle creates the gradient

  10. True or False. The significant presence of red blood cells in the urine is normal and healthy
  11. The main solute component of urine is:
    1. Urea
    2. Glucose
    3. Agglutin
    4. Urobilinogen

  12. Which of the following is INCORRECT?
    1. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+
    2. Aldosterone stimulates the secretion of K+
    3. Aldosterone affects water reabsorption
    4. Aldosterone is made in the hypothalamus and released from the anterior pituitary

  13. The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
    1. Renal capsule
    2. Proximal convoluted tubule
    3. Collecting duct
    4. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

  14. Which of the following is found in the renal medulla?
    1. Renal pacemaker cells
    2. Islets of Langerhans
    3. DCT
    4. Loop of Henle

  15. Which of the following would NOT be secreted from the ISF into the filtrate?
    1. Organic acids
    2. Amino acids
    3. Organic bases
    4. Creatinine

  16. Urine with a high concentration of C6H12O6 is:
    1. Normal because this compound is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed
    2. Normal because this compound is filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted
    3. Abnormal because this compound is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed
    4. Abnormal because this compound is filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted

  17. Which of the following is incorrect concerning ADH?
    1. Its production is regulated by plasma osmolarity
    2. Its activity is affected by alcohol
    3. It acts on the collecting duct and decreases its permeability to water
    4. It is stored in the posterior pituitary

  18. Which of the following is NOT a unit of the nephron?
    1. Bowman's capsule
    2. PCT
    3. DCT
    4. Medullary papilla

  19. Consider the following structures:
    1. Bowman's capsule
    2. Collecting duct
    3. PCT
    4. DCT
    5. Loop of Henle

    What is the order filtrate follows as it flows through the nephron?
  20. The kidneys are located:
    1. Retroperitoneally
    2. Only within the epigastric region
    3. Superior to the liver
    4. 2 of the above
    5. All of the above

  21. Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
    1. Release of hormones
    2. Maintenance of plasma pH
    3. Maintenance of plasma [electrolyte]
    4. Gluconeogenesis
    5. All of the above
    6. 2 of the above

  22. Which of the following is part of the renal corpuscle?
    1. Glomerulus
    2. PCT
    3. DCT
    4. Collecting duct

  23. The functional unit of the kidney is the ____________.
  24. Which of the following is NOT a stage in urine formation?
    1. Glomerular filtration
    2. Glomerular secretion
    3. Tubular reabsorption
    4. Tubular secretion

  25. Which of the following is not a means of regulating GFR?
    1. Regulation via skeletal muscle
    2. Regulation via smooth muscle
    3. Hormonal regulation
    4. Neuronal regulation

  26. Increased sympathetic stimulation of afferent arterioles results in:
    1. Increased filtrate volume per unit time
    2. Decreased filtrate volume per unit time
    3. Increased GFR
    4. Decreased ANP release by macula densa cells

  27. Renin is produced by the:
    1. Mesangial cells
    2. Macula densa
    3. Principal cells ofhe DCT
    4. Juxtaglomerular cells




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